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A constants class that defines permission type strings for a document management and review system.

Purpose

This class serves as a centralized registry of permission constants used throughout an application to control access to various features and operations. It defines 20 different permission types covering document lifecycle operations (create, edit, delete, view, publish, archive), review workflow management, user administration, system configuration, and audit capabilities. The class is designed to be used as a reference for permission strings rather than being instantiated, following the constants/enum pattern.

Source Code

class Permission:
    """Permission type constants for reference."""
    CREATE_DOCUMENT = 'CREATE_DOCUMENT'
    EDIT_DOCUMENT = 'EDIT_DOCUMENT'
    DELETE_DOCUMENT = 'DELETE_DOCUMENT'
    VIEW_DOCUMENT = 'VIEW_DOCUMENT'
    REVIEW_DOCUMENT = 'REVIEW_DOCUMENT'
    APPROVE_DOCUMENT = 'APPROVE_DOCUMENT'
    PUBLISH_DOCUMENT = 'PUBLISH_DOCUMENT'
    ARCHIVE_DOCUMENT = 'ARCHIVE_DOCUMENT'
    MANAGE_REVIEWS = 'MANAGE_REVIEWS'
    ADD_REVIEW_COMMENT = 'ADD_REVIEW_COMMENT'
    EDIT_REVIEW_COMMENT = 'EDIT_REVIEW_COMMENT'
    COMPLETE_REVIEW = 'COMPLETE_REVIEW'
    MANAGE_USERS = 'MANAGE_USERS'
    VIEW_ALL_DOCUMENTS = 'VIEW_ALL_DOCUMENTS'
    EXPORT_DOCUMENTS = 'EXPORT_DOCUMENTS'
    IMPORT_DOCUMENTS = 'IMPORT_DOCUMENTS'
    MANAGE_SETTINGS = 'MANAGE_SETTINGS'
    AUDIT_LOGS = 'AUDIT_LOGS'
    ADMIN = 'ADMIN'
    SYSTEM_CONFIG = 'SYSTEM_CONFIG'

Parameters

Parameter Details

bases: This class has no explicit base classes beyond the implicit 'object' base class. It does not require any initialization parameters as it only contains class-level string constants.

Return Value

This class is not meant to be instantiated. It serves as a namespace for permission constant strings. Each class attribute returns a string value representing a specific permission type. When referenced (e.g., Permission.CREATE_DOCUMENT), it returns the corresponding string value ('CREATE_DOCUMENT').

Class Interface

Attributes

Usage Example

# Import the Permission class
from your_module import Permission

# Reference permission constants directly without instantiation
required_permission = Permission.CREATE_DOCUMENT

# Use in permission checking logic
def check_user_permission(user, permission):
    return permission in user.permissions

# Example usage in access control
if check_user_permission(current_user, Permission.EDIT_DOCUMENT):
    document.edit(new_content)

# Use in role definitions
admin_permissions = [
    Permission.ADMIN,
    Permission.MANAGE_USERS,
    Permission.SYSTEM_CONFIG,
    Permission.AUDIT_LOGS
]

editor_permissions = [
    Permission.CREATE_DOCUMENT,
    Permission.EDIT_DOCUMENT,
    Permission.VIEW_DOCUMENT,
    Permission.PUBLISH_DOCUMENT
]

# Use in decorators or middleware
def requires_permission(permission):
    def decorator(func):
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            if not check_user_permission(current_user, permission):
                raise PermissionError(f"Missing permission: {permission}")
            return func(*args, **kwargs)
        return wrapper
    return decorator

@requires_permission(Permission.DELETE_DOCUMENT)
def delete_document(doc_id):
    pass

Best Practices

• Do NOT instantiate this class - use it as a static reference for permission constants (e.g., Permission.CREATE_DOCUMENT)
• Import the class once at module level and reference its attributes throughout your code for consistency
• Use these constants instead of hardcoded strings to avoid typos and enable IDE autocomplete
• Consider this class immutable - do not add, modify, or delete attributes at runtime
• When checking permissions, always use the class constants rather than string literals to ensure consistency
• This pattern is similar to an Enum but uses simple class attributes for easier serialization and comparison
• Group related permissions when defining roles (e.g., all document permissions for an editor role)
• The permission strings are self-documenting with clear naming conventions (ACTION_RESOURCE pattern)
• Consider creating a separate mapping or configuration that associates these permissions with user roles
• For permission hierarchies, implement separate logic that maps higher-level permissions (like ADMIN) to include lower-level ones

Tags

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